In this article, we are interested to look into the suggestions made by an ancient saint-poet of Tamil Nadu, namely, Tiruva??uvar (whose work, Tirukku?a?, is considered to be a universal canon - Bulaga poduma?ai). This attempt is made in line with the exhortation made by Bhagawad Gita, the holy text of the Hindus, Guru Granth Sahib, the holy text of Sikhism; alongside the pronouncements of Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, and that the core competence should guide any development. The wealth of spirituality with its emphasis on human values is the core competence of India. Hence I have tried to see if anything can be suggested from an ancient text, namely, Tirukku?a?. It is to be noted that this attempt is a thematic appraisal of some of the couplets from that work (out of the 1330 couplets) as Tiruva??uvar has suggested these to the common man and to the ruler with respect to identifying the right act, planning, coordination, execution, and management. The most important aspect of management is man-management and that is taken us so as to result in better utilization of the resources on hand (be it the economic backing or the skills of the person involved). In this attempt, we try to look into the suggestions given by the Tirukku?a? on managerial aspects of planning, coordination, and execution with an eye on human values for the betterment of the organization and also those who contribute to the organization.

During the ongoing crisis of covid19, education was one of those sectors which were hardest hit and responses to the sector were slowest. Considering these facts into account we explored the challenges to the higher education of India. The data for the study was collected from a survey where students and teachers were the main respondents. The result shows that the infrastructure and delayed response to the sector made the situation more unfavourable during the Covid19.

Social security benefits may be provided in cash or kind for medical need, rehabilitation, and domestic help during illness at home, legal aid, or funeral expenses. India’s social security system is composed of a number of schemes and programs spread throughout a variety of laws and regulations. India’s social security schemes cover the social insurances viz., Pension; Health Insurance and Medical Benefit; Disability Benefit; Maternity Benefit; Gratuity; Subsidies; and Public Distribution System. In the current Coronavirus crisis and the ensuing lockdown, most migrants in India find themselves suddenly jobless as factories close, supply chains shut down and services freeze.

India is managing the Covid-19 fervently as it causes supply chain disruptions, health sector-related issues, lockdown and its impact on various sectors, unemployment, migration, hostile global environment, etc. The pandemic is causing sequential deceleration of all the parameters of macroeconomic factors of our country. The financial position of the Government is disturbed and it is taking all measures to curtail the downtrend that is set in by the pandemic. The financial position of the country is precarious as it is witnessing declining production and sales from the industries, shops have been closed and in turn expenditure from the people has declined. This resulted in a chain of causation viz., reduced output, unemployment, reduced wage or no wage, hike in prices, etc. The ruthless effects are seen in reduced tax revenue but increasing public spending is ubiquitous as the appetite has enormously increased with its dwindle effect has resulted in mounting public debt in India. The total internal liabilities have increased from Rs. 317,704 in 1991-92 to Rs. 108,49,495 in 2020-21 and the growth rate is 3314.97 percent. The growth rate of total internal liabilities during Covid-19 is 35.46 percent. On the other hand, the total external liabilities have increased from Rs.109,677 in 1991-92 to Rs. 589,997 in 2020-21 and the growth rate is 437.94 percent and its growth rate during Covid-19 is 15.09 percent. The economy gained better momentum due to reform measures initiated by NEP from 1991 onwards but it is shattered by the Covid-19 and its cascading effects. The spillover effects of Covid-19 are vividly seen in all the sectors and it has halted the growth of the country and the Government is taking measures to give momentum to it by way of several restoration measures. Hicksian theory is worth considering as he promulgated for bringing the economy back to its original peak position from the recessionary phase rather than allowing the economy to continue in recession and land up in depression. India can consider Keynes pump-priming concept and try to restore the economy by neglecting inflation which can be addressed later

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to examine behavioural aspects of people who work from home, and also those who are under lockdown for the Coronavirus pandemic. This we make out from a survey of people from different walks of life and concerned with a future they want. Methods and Materials: Essentially, a survey of 210 participants (183 Indians and 27 NRIs abroad), using a custom-designed questionnaire. Responses have been solicited using WhatsApp, on sending the questionnaire in Google Forms. The questionnaire has 35 questions, for collecting information on a variety of aspects, but particularly about their fears, confidences, worries, mental stress and trauma, and how they have coped with their situation. Results and Discussion: Two hundred and ten people of all ages, 21-66 years, with about 69 percent men and about 31 per cent rest women, and about 87 per cent Indians and about 13 per cent NRIs abroad, relate their positive as well as negative experiences. Professionals of 46 different sectors of the economy, with four-fifths of them working from home, they (90.9 per cent of them) speak of home as a safe zone. Yet, with three-fifths of them clearly understanding the seriousness of the situation and the pandemic crisis, about 57 per cent of them disturbed by the pandemic, they are burdened by work, feeling lonely (34.4 percent) under lockdown, their family has people with psychological trauma (26 per cent), elderly with health concerns (in 28.5 per cent of their households), experiencing financial strains and loss (37.5 per cent of them), and yet spending quality time with family and children (62.3 per cent). They have troubled sleeping patterns (47 per cent) but take precautions for overcoming the virus (about 90 per cent), taking immune-boosting foods (97 per cent), and taking care of the elderly (72 per cent). But the mixed situation at home and outdoors cause considerable behavioural changes and adjustments. This paper speaks of the behavioural aspects of the situation with revealed perceptions of people at home under lockdown.

Social outlooks on intersex individuals and the binary genders have been quite dynamic and evolving down the ages. Subsequently, the people of the hermaphrodite clan experience trails and dares associated with discerned, unconstructive and pessimistic opinions of the populace. The intent of this article is to examine and initiate existential gratification in order to eliminate the loneliness of intersex individuals with reference to the explication of Jeffrey Eugenides’ novel Middlesex. The characters beyond the binary society and the individuals who do not conform to the cisgender community which mainly comprises of the masculine and feminine gender experience and suffer severe psychological trauma and are often prey to the aversion of the society as such. The pathetic plight of the unisexual individuals is that they are often alienated from their family and their cherished circle because of their biological inconsistency and therefore are victimised in the general community owing to the intolerance of the society and its hesitancy to accept the intersexual community. These people are socially excluded and are many a time considered insane. This article is an exploration of the various aspects and ideologies that could upgrade and enhance the physical, sociological, and psychological distress that hermaphrodites suffer and construct a society that is a better place for them to establish their identity unequivocally and enjoy equality and dignity.

In the province of Tamil Nadu, India has both southwest and North-East monsoons that fall in the months of June to August and October to December every year respectively. In 2015, the North-East monsoon had poured 1476 mm rains and flooded everywhere in Cuddalore (Lat 11075’Long790 50’) district. It was identified that water stagnation in low-lying areas where human dwellings were situated was stratified so as to able to provide temporary shelter, food, and medical care. Since the stagnation of water and its anticipation of waterborne and vector-borne diseases to prevail in the community, surveillance was intensified by the organized teams to overcome Acute Diarrheal Disease (ADD), malaria, leptospirosis, dengue, chikungunya, scrub typhus, and other viral fever after raining till the normal situation brought in Cuddalore district. In its outcome, none of the malaria-positive cases were detected from 111 blood smears collected inactive and 233 blood smears in passive surveillance. However, there was one chikungunya, six dengue, five leptospirosis, and five scrub typhus cases had been reported sporadically from one fifty blood serum samples collected. It was learned that specific containment measures implemented were appropriate as their impact lead to halting of their transmission within the time frame of fifteen days. Besides, the roles of supportive data to stop these diseases transmission are discussed in detail in this paper.

COVID-19 causes problems like cytokine release syndrome or cytokine storm and the infection trigger the immune system to flood the bloodstream with inflammatory proteins called cytokines. It kills tissue and damage organs. The only sustainable way to survive the current situation is to strengthen the immune system. An adequate intake of zinc, iron, and vitamins A, B 12, B6, C, and E is essential for the maintenance of a good immune function. A balanced diet will guarantee a strong immune system that can help to withstand the effect of a viral attack.

We examine the critical issues regarding the new supply chain policy recommendations of the USA and discuss the potential impacts that India might be suffered from. First, we discuss all of the US government’s recommendations given by the four different Departments (Department of Commerce, Department of Energy, Department of Defense, and Department of Health and Human Services). To develop a brief idea about the recent scenario of the US supply chain, we analyze the US data related to trade share concerning global trade and have discussed the recent statistics of the US balance of payment (BOP) account. Then we critically examine the US-India bilateral trade data to describe the policy recommendations’ potential impacts. As the major dependency of the USA to India is in the pharmaceutical sectors, we have done a graphical analysis of this sector. The impacts can be classified into short-run and long-run impacts. The study concludes that even if India has a short-term comparative advantage over the USA because of the huge burden of debt of this global powerhouse,

This paper examines the impact of tariff reforms of the agricultural sector in Bangladesh to protect domestic agriculture using the social accounting matrix (SAM) obtained from the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database. The computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is employed to investigate the impact of tariff reforms on the agricultural sector in Bangladesh. The CGE model is used to assess the impact of economic shocks that reverberate across sectors and represent cumulative shocks across the country. The CGE model is calibrated to a social accounting matrix (SAM) obtained from the GTAP database after integrating 57 sectors into 4 sectors, a consistent, complete and disaggregated data system. Hicksian Equivalent Variation (EV) is computed which measures the changes in the utility level in monetary terms of the total households of Bangladesh in Household income and Expenditure Survey 2010. All other 146 member countries of WTO are considered as the rest of the world and assuming that import tariff rates of these countries are set according to WTO norms and other guidelines. The simulation results show that the trade reforms would improve the welfare of Bangladesh. The results suggest that the agricultural sector would expand with these trade reforms whereas service and mineral sectors would contract. So, the government should protect this agricultural sector by reforming import tariffs to ensure food security that would lead to reduced poverty.

Africa’s political democratic and economic growth remains dismal and the prospects for it improving in tandem with the Africa Agenda 2063 are bleak. Africa has plenty of mineral wealth and natural resources yet it remains the least developed region of the Third World. Self-inflicted tragedies galore, derailing the economic progress of the nations. This paper adopted descriptive and analytical methods in its discussion of the effect of militarisation on development and democracy in Africa. The development path of many African nations have no definite pattern to stir the much-required progress. Many policies have been brought forward to guide development with no significant improvement. Some reasons for policy failure may be caused by the way the institutions are being run. The concept of militarisation as brought by this study may add to the impacting factors. Militarisation comes in many forms, and within these forms exist the impacting ones to development and democracy in Africa. This paper offers evidence across Africa that military-political power is detrimental to the positive effect of democracy and hence development. Corruption becomes common where nations are militarised further worsening the development path. Political and economic instability prevails in such nations due to human rights violations caused by militarisation. The study emphasizes the appropriate demilitarisation process for many African nations, establishments of effective civil-military relationships, upholding the rule of law, protecting human rights, avoiding racial and cultural discriminations, institutions autonomy, transparent and collaborative political environment, among other recommendations to ensure attainment of inclusive development and praised democracy. Militarisation is never linked to economic prosperity, rather perpetuates conflict and destruction of states. Post-colonial Africa is in dire need of tangible economic progress, and this is only possible when good policies are effected.

The COVID-19 pandemic had negatively impacted the entire world economy unprecedentedly, and India is no exception. The informal sector was hit hard by the lockdown and saw an unprecedented fall in its economic activities. The pandemic turned out to be more disastrous for the migrants. As reported in various newspapers, most migrants and their families were left unattended by their employers. According to a survey conducted during the lockdown in April 2020 by the Stranded Workers Action Network, 90 per cent of migrant workers in the country did not get paid by their employers, 96 percent received no ration from the government, and 70 per cent did not get any cooked food, during the lockdown. These migrants’ worker was primarily from eastern UP and Bihar. Even rural health infrastructure was not adequate to fight the pandemic in Bihar. With COVID came to an array of misinformation which to some extent changed social norms in society. In this study, we use personal interviews done in Ahwarkudia village panchayat to study how rural institutions responded to the pandemic.

Indonesia is a mixed economy where there is the participation of public and private sector play an important role in transforming the economy. As per the statistics of 2019, emerging economies like Indonesia puts their place in the 16th position in terms of the economy. Over time passes the structure of the economy has changed considerably. But the traditional methodology of the practicing act in agriculture reflected the stage of the economic development and the Government policies since 1950. A gradual process of the industrialization phase can be seen in the late 1950s which make the Indonesian economy to another height. Indonesia has been endowed with natural resources like oil and natural gas, coal, tin, copper, gold, nickel, etc. While on the other hand agriculture producers must concentrate on rice, palm, oil, tea, coffee, medicinal plant, species, and rubber.

Ageing has been defined as the total constellation of social, biological and psychological changes that occur in the last stage of life. Ageing of the population is one of the most important demographic factors that have emerged in the 21st Century. Old age is the closing period of the life span. It is a period when people ‘move away’ from previous more desirable periods or times of ‘usefulness’. Old age homes are a boon to those who do not enjoy the support of their children or have nobody to take care of them. At least old age homes provide them shelter, food and company. But definitely, nothing can compensate for living with affectionate children and grandchildren. The objectives of the present study are as follows: i) to understand the socio-economic conditions of inmates of old age homes in the study area, ii) to find out the living conditions of inmates of the old age homes in the study area and iii) to understand the reasons behind the joining of the respondents in old age homes in the study area. This study is based on primary data. The data were collected from Madurai District. There are 30 registered old age homes in Madurai district. From each home, 10 respondents have been selected by adopting a systematic sampling technique. The researcher has selected 300 respondents for this study. Average, Simple Percentage, Weighted Arithmetic Mean and factor analysis are used to analyze the collected data

During the COVID-19 time, the Indian predominant sector has exhibited remarkable resilience, especially in organic farming. This article highlights the significant achievements of practicing organic farming even before the outbreak of COVID-19 and assesses those new emerging challenges warrant quality nutrient-rich foods. Despite the success in terms of production that has ensured food quality, food security, and environmental stability in the country, food inflation and its volatility remain a challenge, which requires supply-side interventions such as issues related to higher public investment, storage facility as a challenge, challenges related to the implementation of government policies and promotion of food processing are the empirical findings of this article. These issues are analysed in this paper based on various reports and data available from the existing body of literature and the case study approach, the opportunities and challenges have been identified, which are India specific

The Agroecosystems provide food, fuel, fodder, medicines, etc. These are all natural resources and livelihood for rural people in India. The aim of the present study was to document the diverse medicinal plant resources available in the agroecosystem of Valayampattu village in Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India. The field study was carried out during October 2018 to march 2019. The diverse of medicinal plant resources include a total of 32 plant families comprising 52 medicinal plant species (36 Trees, 3 Shrubs and 13 Herbs). Of them, the share of dicotyledons was 86.54% and monocotyledon was 13.46%. Among the dicotyledons, the families of polypetalae contributed 48.08 %, gamopetalae 17.31%, and monochlamydeae 21.15% to the Siddha medicinal plants. A total of 27 plant families comprising 43 plant species are used in Ayurveda medicines. Of these plant families the contribution of dicotyledons was 88.37 % and monocotyledons was 11.63 %. Among the dicotyledons, the families of polypetalae contributed 48.84 %, gamopetalae 20.93 %, and monochlamydeae 18.60 % to the Ayurveda medicinal plants used in the cure of human diseases. Leafs were found to be the predominant plant part (16.79 %) used in Siddha. This was followed by barks (15.33 %), fruits (15.33 %), and roots (13.14 %). Whereas, the fruits (17.98 %) of medicinal plants were preferred, followed by barks (include root and stem) (16.85 %), leaf/ash (15.73 %) and seed (11.24 %) in Ayurveda. Polypetalae plant with 42%, gamopetalae plant with 26%, dominated among the Siddha medicinal plants followed by monocotyledons. While in the case of Ayurveda medicinal plant groups, polypetalae 41% and gamopetalae plant 26 % were predominantly used. Medicinal plants resources in agroecosystem are significant to the local people as they rescue them from their primary health diseases. Increasing awareness on the medicinal plant resources in agricultural landscape can contribute to the conservation and management of medicinal plant diversity and the agroecosystem.

The Agroecosystems provide food, fuel, fodder, medicines, etc. These are all natural resources and livelihood for rural people in India. The aim of the present study was to document the diverse medicinal plant resources available in the agroecosystem of Valayampattu village in Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India. The field study was carried out during October 2018 to march 2019. The diverse of medicinal plant resources include a total of 32 plant families comprising 52 medicinal plant species (36 Trees, 3 Shrubs and 13 Herbs). Of them, the share of dicotyledons was 86.54% and monocotyledon was 13.46%. Among the dicotyledons, the families of polypetalae contributed 48.08 %, gamopetalae 17.31%, and monochlamydeae 21.15% to the Siddha medicinal plants. A total of 27 plant families comprising 43 plant species are used in Ayurveda medicines. Of these plant families the contribution of dicotyledons was 88.37 % and monocotyledons was 11.63 %. Among the dicotyledons, the families of polypetalae contributed 48.84 %, gamopetalae 20.93 %, and monochlamydeae 18.60 % to the Ayurveda medicinal plants used in the cure of human diseases. Leafs were found to be the predominant plant part (16.79 %) used in Siddha. This was followed by barks (15.33 %), fruits (15.33 %), and roots (13.14 %). Whereas, the fruits (17.98 %) of medicinal plants were preferred, followed by barks (include root and stem) (16.85 %), leaf/ash (15.73 %) and seed (11.24 %) in Ayurveda. Polypetalae plant with 42%, gamopetalae plant with 26%, dominated among the Siddha medicinal plants followed by monocotyledons. While in the case of Ayurveda medicinal plant groups, polypetalae 41% and gamopetalae plant 26 % were predominantly used. Medicinal plants resources in agroecosystem are significant to the local people as they rescue them from their primary health diseases. Increasing awareness on the medicinal plant resources in agricultural landscape can contribute to the conservation and management of medicinal plant diversity and the agroecosystem.

The Agroecosystems provide food, fuel, fodder, medicines, etc. These are all natural resources and livelihood for rural people in India. The aim of the present study was to document the diverse medicinal plant resources available in the agroecosystem of Valayampattu village in Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India. The field study was carried out during October 2018 to march 2019. The diverse of medicinal plant resources include a total of 32 plant families comprising 52 medicinal plant species (36 Trees, 3 Shrubs and 13 Herbs). Of them, the share of dicotyledons was 86.54% and monocotyledon was 13.46%. Among the dicotyledons, the families of polypetalae contributed 48.08 %, gamopetalae 17.31%, and monochlamydeae 21.15% to the Siddha medicinal plants. A total of 27 plant families comprising 43 plant species are used in Ayurveda medicines. Of these plant families the contribution of dicotyledons was 88.37 % and monocotyledons was 11.63 %. Among the dicotyledons, the families of polypetalae contributed 48.84 %, gamopetalae 20.93 %, and monochlamydeae 18.60 % to the Ayurveda medicinal plants used in the cure of human diseases. Leafs were found to be the predominant plant part (16.79 %) used in Siddha. This was followed by barks (15.33 %), fruits (15.33 %), and roots (13.14 %). Whereas, the fruits (17.98 %) of medicinal plants were preferred, followed by barks (include root and stem) (16.85 %), leaf/ash (15.73 %) and seed (11.24 %) in Ayurveda. Polypetalae plant with 42%, gamopetalae plant with 26%, dominated among the Siddha medicinal plants followed by monocotyledons. While in the case of Ayurveda medicinal plant groups, polypetalae 41% and gamopetalae plant 26 % were predominantly used. Medicinal plants resources in agroecosystem are significant to the local people as they rescue them from their primary health diseases. Increasing awareness on the medicinal plant resources in agricultural landscape can contribute to the conservation and management of medicinal plant diversity and the agroecosystem.

The Agroecosystems provide food, fuel, fodder, medicines, etc. These are all natural resources and livelihood for rural people in India. The aim of the present study was to document the diverse medicinal plant resources available in the agroecosystem of Valayampattu village in Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India. The field study was carried out during October 2018 to march 2019. The diverse of medicinal plant resources include a total of 32 plant families comprising 52 medicinal plant species (36 Trees, 3 Shrubs and 13 Herbs). Of them, the share of dicotyledons was 86.54% and monocotyledon was 13.46%. Among the dicotyledons, the families of polypetalae contributed 48.08 %, gamopetalae 17.31%, and monochlamydeae 21.15% to the Siddha medicinal plants. A total of 27 plant families comprising 43 plant species are used in Ayurveda medicines. Of these plant families the contribution of dicotyledons was 88.37 % and monocotyledons was 11.63 %. Among the dicotyledons, the families of polypetalae contributed 48.84 %, gamopetalae 20.93 %, and monochlamydeae 18.60 % to the Ayurveda medicinal plants used in the cure of human diseases. Leafs were found to be the predominant plant part (16.79 %) used in Siddha. This was followed by barks (15.33 %), fruits (15.33 %), and roots (13.14 %). Whereas, the fruits (17.98 %) of medicinal plants were preferred, followed by barks (include root and stem) (16.85 %), leaf/ash (15.73 %) and seed (11.24 %) in Ayurveda. Polypetalae plant with 42%, gamopetalae plant with 26%, dominated among the Siddha medicinal plants followed by monocotyledons. While in the case of Ayurveda medicinal plant groups, polypetalae 41% and gamopetalae plant 26 % were predominantly used. Medicinal plants resources in agroecosystem are significant to the local people as they rescue them from their primary health diseases. Increasing awareness on the medicinal plant resources in agricultural landscape can contribute to the conservation and management of medicinal plant diversity and the agroecosystem.

Modern man lives in a soul-less civilization of materialism and consumerism. This materialistic turn has also gradually resulted in man losing faith in ‘religion as the harbinger of individual and social harmony’. Now, a question arises to me and that relates to whether man lives for bread alone or if there is something more to him. My enquiry into this question helped me to understand that we lack not the proper philosophy of life, but the lack of practice of the norms laid down by philosophy. Here, it is important to realize the Jaina emphasis on upayoga (utility) than upabhoga (consumption). We are also reminded of the practices suggested by Jainism, including ahimsa (or non-injury to other lives), which reawakens the people to the innate dignity of all life. The above-mentioned principle is the basis of equality and a pre-requisite of global harmony. The method that enables us to tread from mere search to realization is commonly called ‘YOGA’. The Jainas understood ‘yoga’ in terms of ‘caritra’ or right conduct which is one of the important teachings of Jainism, namely ‘triratnas’ (three jewels involving right vision, right knowledge and right conduct). It is nevertheless true that these austerities alone help man in release in the philosophical angle. But practice of these three jewels nevertheless aids man in having a balanced attitude and approach to life that will guard him from unwanted desires or attachment to possessions.

The transmission mechanism of monetary policy is correlated to lending which expands aggregate demand in the economy. The banking system form an important place in the monetary policy transmission. The channels of monetary policy transmission are: Interest Rate Channel, Credit or Loan Supply Channel, Exchange Rate Channel, and Asset Price Channel. The financial prices include interest rates, exchange rates, yields, asset prices, and equity prices, and the financial quantities consists of money supply, credit aggregates, supply of government bonds and foreign denominated assets. RBI uses various monetary policy frameworks over the years which is classified as pre-monetary targeting (1947 to 1984-85), monetary targeting (1984-85 to 1997- 98), Multiple Indicators approach (1998-99 to 2014), Inflation Targeting (from 2013 onwards), and Flexible Inflation Targeting (FIT). MCLR also drastically decreased for all these banks from 2019 to 2021. The external benchmark has increased for the three types of banks from 2019 to 2021. The repo rate gives a contrast data between pre and post FIT periods. The financial system is not fully developed which is a hindrance to the transmission mechanism. The cost of lending, issues in bond market, and pandemic situation related problems requires an appropriate transmission mechanism in the monetary policy of our country.